They cannot be revised without fieldwork because vital data are missing, facts are mixed with interpretations, or boundaries between significantly different soil units have been omitted. Generally, maps for these inventories quickly become obsolete. In some cases, inventories are made for some narrow objective, perhaps at a cost lower than that of a soil survey. In planning soil surveys, this point needs to be emphasized. If the basic soil map is made accurately, and a wide array of soil property data is collected and stored in an organized database, interpretative maps can be revised as needed without additional fieldwork. For example, a map showing the productivity of crops on soils that are wet and undrained has little value after drainage systems have been installed. Predictions of soil behavior can also be mapped directly however, most of these interpretations will need to be changed with changes in land use and in the cultural and economic environment. Such maps serve their specific purposes but have few other applications. Maps that show one or more soil properties can be made directly from field observations without making a basic soil map. A map made for one specific interpretation rarely can serve a different purpose. Numerous interpretative maps can be derived from a soil map, and each of these maps would differ from the others according to its purpose. The geographic distribution of many individual soil properties or soil qualities can be extracted from soil maps and shown on separate maps for special purposes, such as showing predicted soil behavior for a particular use. The soils mapped by the NCSS are identified by names that serve as references to a national system of soil classification. A soil map from a soil survey, as defined here, delineates areas occupied by different kinds of soil, each of which has a unique set of interrelated properties characteristic of the material from which it formed, its environment, and its pedogenic history. The concept of soil survey as defined for the NCSS is related to, but does not include, maps showing the distribution of a single soil property (such as texture, slope, or depth) alone or in limited combinations maps showing the distribution of soil qualities (such as productivity or erodibility) and maps of soil-forming factors (such as climate, topography, vegetation, or geologic material). Soil survey maps are therefore different from other maps that show just one or a few specific soil properties or other environmental information.
![1925 new york census ed maps 1925 new york census ed maps](http://www.mapsofpa.com/art9pics/1921-3433-3.jpg)
The soils are natural three-dimensional bodies occupying a characteristic part of the landscape.
#1925 new york census ed maps full
See chapter 4 for a full discussion of map units and their components. Each kind of soil or nonsoil (e.g., Rock outcrop) making up the composition of a map unit is a map unit component.
![1925 new york census ed maps 1925 new york census ed maps](https://live-cdn-www.nypl.org/s3fs-public/23_1.jpg)
The collection of all delineations that have the same symbol on the map (e.g., 34B) are a “map unit.” Each map unit is named for one or more soils or nonsoil areas (e.g., Sharpsburg silt loam). The information collected in a soil survey helps in the development of land use plans and can be used to evaluate and predict the effects of land use on the environment.Ī soil map consists of many individual delineations showing the location and extent of different soils. Important milestones in the development of the Soil Survey in the United States are discussed at the end of this chapter.ĭevelopment of the Soil Survey in the U.S.Ī soil survey describes the characteristics of the soils in a given area, classifies the soils according to a standard system of taxonomy, plots the boundaries of the soils on a map, stores soil property information in an organized database, and makes predictions about the suitability and limitations of each soil for multiple uses as well as their likely response to management systems. The repeating patterns formed by these natural bodies of soil in the landscape allow soil scientists to develop predictive soil-landscape models, which serve as the scientific foundation for making soil surveys. It discusses the development of pedology and the important concept of soils as natural three-dimensional bodies that form as a result of the interaction of five soil-forming factors. This chapter describes the term “soil survey” within the context of the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) in the United States.
![1925 new york census ed maps 1925 new york census ed maps](https://bloodandfrogs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/censused-nyplmanhattanmap-1-firstpage.jpg)
Revised by Craig Ditzler and Larry West, USDA-NRCS.